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Dreamland (Egypt)
Dreamland is a private urban development located approximately 17 km west of Egypt’s capital city, Cairo. It covers an approximate area of 2000 acres and is situated only a few kilometers west to the Pyramids of Giza (Ghannam, 2008). It is located in the newly constructed 6 October City which is surrounded mostly by desert and arid plains, linked to the main city by a ring road and the 26 July Freeway. The development provides many recreational and commercial facilities and is home to a variety of shopping complexes, sport and entertainment facilities, business hubs, luxury resorts, prime real estate and theme parks. Dreamland is aimed at a specific demographic and mainly attracts wealthy locals, expatriates and international visitors. The construction of Dreamland began in 1995 and was inspired by contemporary western urbanism and in particular the private developments in the United States of America around the mid-twentieth century. The project was fueled by neo-liberal capitalism and mass consumerism and upon completion, it was estimated to cost more than US$200 million. The development was instigated by the Bahgat Group and masterminded by its chairman, an influential Egyptian entrepreneur, Ahmed Bahgat.
==History==
Dreamland was a Middle Eastern galvanization of the gated community, a new movement in urban planning and development which became prevalent in Cairo from the 1960s onward. The gated community was one where residential real-estate was tightly controlled through guarded entrances bordered by fences or walls, shared common amenities such as tennis courts and pools and the provision of security to protect its residents (Low, 2001). These neighbourhoods were generally built and designed for particular demographics and they often garnished the reputation for being exclusive communities who were controlled and regulated by private corporations. In his article, Dreamland: The Neo-liberalism of Your Desires, Mitchell argues that developments which boast these levels of exclusivity and purpose such as Dreamland are undisciplined and irresponsible planning practices and that their exclusive nature caters only for the ‘super-rich’ minorities (1999). In Egypt, these private developments are only financially accessible to less than 5% of the total population (Mitchell, 1998).
Private developments in Egypt in the mid to late twentieth century tended to be inspired by European influences and American consumerism (Elsheshtawy, 2004). Around Cairo there are many local examples of similar luxury developments such as Hyde Park, located in New Cairo which boasts prestigious Italian-style villas, and Rivoli which is modeled around elegant Parisian architecture. The late twentieth century saw Egyptians gradually becoming saturated with dominant symbols of American wealth and success and this facilitated a shift toward the promotion of a certain lifestyle in which Egyptians saw as encapsulating wealth and prosperity (Adham, 2004). This gave rise in the Middle East, and particularly Egypt, to many developments based on the perceived Western lifestyle model of success. Mega-scale shopping malls, theme parks, fast food chains and luxury resorts began to invade the desert landscape as Egypt welcomed a new period of change in urban development.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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